python作为脚本运行时导入失败,但在iPython中却不行?
问题内容:
我有一个这样的项目结构:
folder1
|
folder2
|
tests
我在每个文件夹中都有__init__.py。当我位于folder1的父目录中时,我运行iPython并执行
from folder1.folder2.tests.test1 import main
main()
一切正常。但是当我跑步
python folder1/folder2/tests/test1.py
我收到ImportError:没有名为folder1.folder2.file1的模块,其中test1中的import语句是
from folder1.folder2.file1 import class1
对此感到困惑-
我猜这是一个路径问题,但是我不明白我的代码有什么问题(其他文件夹中的许多类似设置),以及为什么它仍然可以在iPython中工作,而不是在python中作为脚本运行。
问题答案:
有和没有脚本文件的模块搜索路径(python 3
docu
)都不同:
交互式python解释器
(适用于python
和ipython
)
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2014, 19:10:20)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.path)
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol']
>>>
请注意第一个条目是一个空字符串。空字符串是等效于的相对路径.
。模块搜索路径中的相对路径相对于解释器进程的当前工作目录,因此这只是您调用解释器的当前工作目录。(在您的情况下,这恰好是项目的根。)
执行脚本文件
$ echo 'import sys' > /tmp/pathtest.py
$ echo 'print(sys.path)' >> /tmp/pathtest.py
$ python /tmp/pathtest.py
['/tmp', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol']
请注意,这里的第一个条目是包含我们作为参数传递的脚本文件的目录的绝对路径。