列表迭代列表如何在python中工作?


问题内容

我有一个这样的清单清单:

lst = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [7], [8, 9]]

如果我运行这些程序,我将得到类似这样的输出结果。

>>>[j for i in lst for j in i]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>>[j for j in i for i in lst]
[8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9]

谁能解释一下这些输出是如何给出的。两次迭代之间有什么区别?


问题答案:

在第一个LC的末尾i分配给[8,9]

>>> lis = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [7], [8, 9]]
>>> [j for i in lis for j in i]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> i
[8, 9]

现在,在第二个LC中,您需要对此进行迭代i

>>> [j for j in i for i in lis]
[8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9]

这两个LC(大致)等效于:

>>> lis = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [7], [8, 9]]
>>> for i in lis:
...     for j in i:
...         print j,
...         
1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 9
>>> i
[8, 9]
>>> for j in i:
...     for i in lis:
...         print j,
...         
8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9

该问题已在py3.x中修复

特别是循环控制变量不再泄漏到周围的范围内。

演示(py 3.x):

>>> lis = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [4, 5, 6], [7], [8, 9]]
>>> [j for i in lis for j in i]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> i
Traceback (most recent call last):
NameError: name 'i' is not defined

>>> j
Traceback (most recent call last):
NameError: name 'j' is not defined