如何从raw_input处理整数和字符串?
问题内容:
仍在尝试了解python。它与php截然不同。
我将选择设置为整数,问题出在我的菜单上,我也需要使用字母。
如何将整数和字符串一起使用?
为什么不能将字符串设置为整数?
def main(): # Display the main menu
while True:
print
print " Draw a Shape"
print " ============"
print
print " 1 - Draw a triangle"
print " 2 - Draw a square"
print " 3 - Draw a rectangle"
print " 4 - Draw a pentagon"
print " 5 - Draw a hexagon"
print " 6 - Draw an octagon"
print " 7 - Draw a circle"
print
print " D - Display what was drawn"
print " X - Exit"
print
choice = raw_input(' Enter your choice: ')
if (choice == 'x') or (choice == 'X'):
break
elif (choice == 'd') or (choice == 'D'):
log.show_log()
try:
choice = int(choice)
if (1 <= choice <= 7):
my_shape_num = h_m.how_many()
if ( my_shape_num is None):
continue
# draw in the middle of screen if there is 1 shape to draw
if (my_shape_num == 1):
d_s.start_point(0, 0)
else:
d_s.start_point()
#
if choice == 1:
d_s.draw_triangle(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 2:
d_s.draw_square(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 3:
d_s.draw_rectangle(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 4:
d_s.draw_pentagon(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 5:
d_s.draw_hexagon(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 6:
d_s.draw_octagon(my_shape_num)
elif choice == 7:
d_s.draw_circle(my_shape_num)
d_s.t.end_fill() # shape fill color --draw_shape.py-- def start_point
else:
print
print ' Number must be from 1 to 7!'
print
except ValueError:
print
print ' Try again'
print
问题答案:
让我用另一个问题回答您的问题:
是否真的需要混合字母和数字?
难道他们不都是字符串吗?
好吧,让我们走很长一段路,看看程序在做什么:
- 显示主菜单
- 询问/接收用户输入
- 如果有效:确定
- 如果不是,请打印错误消息并重复
- 现在我们有一个有效的输入
- 如果是字母:请执行特殊任务
- 如果是数字:调用正确的绘图功能
要点1. 让我们为此做一个功能:
def display_menu():
menu_text = """\
Draw a Shape
============
1 - Draw a triangle
2 - Draw a square
D - Display what was drawn
X - Exit"""
print menu_text
display_menu
非常简单,因此无需解释其作用,但是稍后我们将看到将这段代码放入单独的函数中的优势。
第2点。 这将通过循环完成:
options = ['1', '2', 'D', 'X']
while 1:
choice = raw_input(' Enter your choice: ')
if choice in options:
break
else:
print 'Try Again!'
第3点。 好了,想一想也许特殊任务不是那么特殊,所以我们也将它们放入函数中:
def exit():
"""Exit""" # this is a docstring we'll use it later
return 0
def display_drawn():
"""Display what was drawn"""
print 'display what was drawn'
def draw_triangle():
"""Draw a triangle"""
print 'triangle'
def draw_square():
"""Draw a square"""
print 'square'
现在,我们将它们放在一起:
def main():
options = {'1': draw_triangle,
'2': draw_square,
'D': display_drawn,
'X': exit}
display_menu()
while 1:
choice = raw_input(' Enter your choice: ').upper()
if choice in options:
break
else:
print 'Try Again!'
action = options[choice] # here we get the right function
action() # here we call that function
切换键的关键在于options
现在不再是list
a dict
,而是a ,因此,如果您像if choice in options
迭代在
key :上那样简单地对其进行迭代['1', '2', 'D', 'X']
,但是如果您这样做,options['X']
则会得到exit函数(不是那么好!)。
现在,让我们再次进行改进,因为维护主菜单消息和options
字典并不是太好,一年以后,我可能会忘记更改其中一个,而我将无法获得想要的东西,而且我很懒惰,但我没有想要做两次相同的事情,等等。。。
为什么不将options
字典传递给display_manu
,而是display_menu
使用doc字符串__doc__
生成菜单来完成所有工作:
def display_menu(opt):
header = """\
Draw a Shape
============
"""
menu = '\n'.join('{} - {}'.format(k,func.__doc__) for k,func in opt.items())
print header + menu
我们需要OrderedDict
代替dict
for
options
,因为OrderedDict
顾名思义,请保持其项的顺序(请看官方文档)。因此,我们有:
def main():
options = OrderedDict((('1', draw_triangle),
('2', draw_square),
('D', display_drawn),
('X', exit)))
display_menu(options)
while 1:
choice = raw_input(' Enter your choice: ').upper()
if choice in options:
break
else:
print 'Try Again!'
action = options[choice]
action()
请注意,您必须设计动作,使它们都具有相同的签名(无论如何,它们都应该是这样,它们都是动作!)。您可能希望将可调用对象用作操作:具有已__call__
实现的类的实例。创建基Action
类并从中继承将是完美的选择。