由于您具有嵌套数组，因此需要首先应用
$unwind
运算符，以便在使用
$lookup
管道之前对嵌入的文档进行反规范化（除非您已经在聚合操作中对其进行了展平）：

db.personaddress.aggregate([
    { "$unwind": "$address" },
    { "$unwind": "$address.location" },
    {
        "$lookup": {
            "from": "places", 
            "localField": "address.location.place._id", 
            "foreignField": "_id", 
            "as": "address.location.place", 
        }
    }
])

然后可以实现为（未试用）：

LookupOperation lookupOperation = LookupOperation.newLookup()
    .from("places")
    .localField("address.location.place._id")
    .foreignField("_id")
    .as("address.location.place");

Aggregation agg = newAggregation(
    unwind("address"),
    unwind("address.location"),
    lookupOperation  
);

AggregationResults<OutputDocument> aggResults = mongoTemplate.aggregate(
    agg, PersonAddressDocument.class, OutputDocument.class
);

如果您的Spring Data版本不支持此功能，则一种解决方法是实施
AggregationOperation
接口以接受DBObject：

public class CustomGroupOperation implements AggregationOperation {
    private DBObject operation;

    public CustomGroupOperation (DBObject operation) {
        this.operation = operation;
    }

    @Override
    public DBObject toDBObject(AggregationOperationContext context) {
        return context.getMappedObject(operation);
    }
}

然后
$lookup
在聚合管道中将操作实现为DBObject：

DBObject lookupOperation = (DBObject)new BasicDBObject(
    "$lookup", new BasicDBObject("from", "places")
        .append("localField", "address.location.place._id")
        .append("foreignField", "_id")
        .append("as", "address.location.place")       
);

然后可以将其用作：

Aggregation agg = newAggregation(
    unwind("address"),
    unwind("address.location"),
    lookupOperation  
);

AggregationResults<OutputDocument> aggResults = mongoTemplate.aggregate(
    agg, PersonAddressDocument.class, OutputDocument.class
);