python unittest howto
问题内容:
我想知道如何对以下模块进行单元测试。
def download_distribution(url, tempdir):
""" Method which downloads the distribution from PyPI """
print "Attempting to download from %s" % (url,)
try:
url_handler = urllib2.urlopen(url)
distribution_contents = url_handler.read()
url_handler.close()
filename = get_file_name(url)
file_handler = open(os.path.join(tempdir, filename), "w")
file_handler.write(distribution_contents)
file_handler.close()
return True
except ValueError, IOError:
return False
问题答案:
单元测试提议者会告诉您单元测试应该是自包含的,也就是说,他们不应访问网络或文件系统(尤其是不在写入模式下)。网络和文件系统测试不在单元测试的范围内(尽管您可能需要对其进行集成测试)。
一般来说,在这种情况下,我提取urllib和文件编写代码以分离函数(不会进行单元测试),并在单元测试期间注入模拟函数。
即(为便于阅读,略有缩写):
def get_web_content(url):
# Extracted code
url_handler = urllib2.urlopen(url)
content = url_handler.read()
url_handler.close()
return content
def write_to_file(content, filename, tmpdir):
# Extracted code
file_handler = open(os.path.join(tempdir, filename), "w")
file_handler.write(content)
file_handler.close()
def download_distribution(url, tempdir):
# Original code, after extractions
distribution_contents = get_web_content(url)
filename = get_file_name(url)
write_to_file(distribution_contents, filename, tmpdir)
return True
并且,在测试文件上:
import module_I_want_to_test
def mock_web_content(url):
return """Some fake content, useful for testing"""
def mock_write_to_file(content, filename, tmpdir):
# In this case, do nothing, as we don't do filesystem meddling while unit testing
pass
module_I_want_to_test.get_web_content = mock_web_content
module_I_want_to_test.write_to_file = mock_write_to_file
class SomeTests(unittest.Testcase):
# And so on...
然后我赞同Daniel的建议,您应该阅读一些有关单元测试的更深入的材料。