我试图numpy.array根据给定的键转换a的每个元素：

例如：

a = np.array([[1,2,3],
              [3,2,4]])

my_dict = {1:23, 2:34, 3:36, 4:45}

我想得到：

array([[ 23.,  34.,  36.],
       [ 36.,  34.,  45.]])

我可以看到如何使用循环：

def loop_translate(a, my_dict):
    new_a = np.empty(a.shape)
    for i,row in enumerate(a):
        new_a[i,:] = map(my_dict.get, row)
    return new_a

有没有更有效和/或纯粹的numpy方法？

编辑：

我计时了一下，np.vectorizeDSM提出的方法对于较大的阵列要快得多：

In [13]: def loop_translate(a, my_dict):
   ....:     new_a = np.empty(a.shape)
   ....:     for i,row in enumerate(a):
   ....:         new_a[i,:] = map(my_dict.get, row)
   ....:     return new_a
   ....:

In [14]: def vec_translate(a, my_dict):    
   ....:     return np.vectorize(my_dict.__getitem__)(a)
   ....:

In [15]: a = np.random.randint(1,5, (4,5))

In [16]: a
Out[16]: 
array([[2, 4, 3, 1, 1],
       [2, 4, 3, 2, 4],
       [4, 2, 1, 3, 1],
       [2, 4, 3, 4, 1]])

In [17]: %timeit loop_translate(a, my_dict)
10000 loops, best of 3: 77.9 us per loop

In [18]: %timeit vec_translate(a, my_dict)
10000 loops, best of 3: 70.5 us per loop

In [19]: a = np.random.randint(1, 5, (500,500))

In [20]: %timeit loop_translate(a, my_dict)
1 loops, best of 3: 298 ms per loop

In [21]: %timeit vec_translate(a, my_dict)
10 loops, best of 3: 37.6 ms per loop

In [22]:  %timeit loop_translate(a, my_dict)