全局变量的未绑定本地错误
问题内容:
我试图弄清楚为什么我的pygame应用程序Table Wars中出现UnboundLocalError。以下是发生的情况的摘要:
变量,REDGOLD
,REDCOMMAND
,BLUEGOLD
和BLUECOMMAND
,被初始化为全局变量:
#Red Stat Section
REDGOLD = 50
REDCOMMAND = 100
#Blue Stat Section
BLUEGOLD = 50
BLUECOMMAND = 100
def main():
[...]
global REDGOLD
global REDCOMMAND
global BLUEGOLD
global BLUECOMMAND
当在主循环中生成单位时,这会起作用,但会在生成单位中减去资金。
现在,我正在尝试建立一个系统,以便当一个单位死亡时,杀手根据受害者的被害人退款给受害者COMMAND
并赚取收益GOLD
:
class Red_Infantry(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, screen):
[...]
self.reward = 15
self.cmdback = 5
[...]
def attack(self):
if self.target is None: return
if self.target.health <= 0:
REDGOLD += self.target.reward #These are the problem lines
BLUECOMMAND += self.target.cmdback #They will cause the UnboundLocalError
#when performed
self.target = None
if not self.cooldown_ready(): return
self.target.health -= self.attack_damage
print "Target's health: %d" % self.target.health
这可以一直工作到单元死亡。然后发生这种情况:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Oventoaster\Desktop\Games\Table Wars\Table Wars.py", line 606, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Users\Oventoaster\Desktop\Games\Table Wars\Table Wars.py", line 123, in main
RedTeam.update()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pygame\sprite.py", line 399, in update
for s in self.sprites(): s.update(*args)
File "C:\Users\Oventoaster\Desktop\Games\Table Wars\Table Wars.py", line 304, in update
self.attack()
File "C:\Users\Oventoaster\Desktop\Games\Table Wars\Table Wars.py", line 320, in attack
REDGOLD += self.target.reward
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'REDGOLD' referenced before assignment
我如何使上述全局变量随attack
块一起变化?如果有帮助,我正在使用Pygame 2.7.x,因此nonlocal
将无法工作:/
问题答案:
global
使全局变量在当前代码块中可见。您只能将global
语句放入main
,而不能放入attack
。
附录
这说明了多次使用全局的必要性。尝试这个:
RED=1
def main():
global RED
RED += 1
print RED
f()
def f():
#global RED
RED += 1
print RED
main()
您将得到错误UnboundLocalError: local variable 'RED' referenced before assignment
。
现在取消注释f中的全局语句,它将起作用。
该global
声明在LEXICAL而不是DYNAMIC范围内处于活动状态。